Overview: AOD 9604 is a synthetic peptide fragment comprising amino acids 176–191 derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone (hGH). Investigated extensively in metabolic and cellular signaling models, AOD 9604 isolates lipolytic pathway interactions without engaging the systemic growth-promoting mechanisms associated with full length hGH. Hotspan supplies high-purity AOD 9604 strictly for laboratory, analytical, and in vitro research applications.
Key Compound Specifications
| Parameter | Specification |
| Chemical Name | AOD 9604 (hGH Fragment 176–191) |
| Molecular Formula | C78H123N23O23S2 |
| Molecular Weight | 1815.1 g/mol |
| Classification | Synthetic C-terminal peptide fragment |
| Primary Research Focus | Lipolysis signaling and adipocyte models |
| Purity Standard | ≥99% (HPLC and mass spectrometry verified) |
| Endotoxin Testing | <5 EU/vial (LAL assay) |
| Regulatory Status | Laboratory research use only (RUO) |
What Is AOD 9604 Peptide?
AOD 9604 is a 16-amino-acid synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 176 to 191 of human growth hormone. In experimental biochemistry, researchers isolate this sequence to investigate the specific region responsible for lipolytic pathway modulation.
By isolating residues 176–191, laboratory models can evaluate lipid mobilization pathways independently of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) elevation or broader anabolic receptor signaling. This structural selectivity makes AOD 9604 a precise reference compound in cellular lipid metabolism research.
Hotspan supplies AOD 9604 at ≥99% purity in lyophilized form, batch-verified and accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis (COA) and Endotoxin Report.
Mechanisms Studied in Cellular Metabolism Models
Research laboratories evaluate AOD 9604 across three primary biochemical signaling pathways:
1. Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptor Kinase Models
AOD 9604 has been studied for lipolytic signaling in adipocyte models. In these models, lipolysis proceeds through cAMP-dependent activation of hormone-sensitive lipase, which breaks down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids. Importantly, a study in mice lacking the beta-3 adrenergic receptor found that AOD 9604 retained lipolytic activity — so this receptor alone does not fully explain how the peptide works (Heffernan et al., 2001; Ng et al., 2000).
2. Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipid Dynamics
Experimental models examine how AOD 9604 influences pre-adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation kinetics. Researchers assess parameter changes in adipose tissue cultures to map the inhibition of lipogenesis (lipid storage) alongside the rate of fatty acid mobilization.
3. IGF-1 Independent Signaling Pathways
A major focus in peptide biochemistry is AOD 9604’s ability to drive lipolytic pathway signaling without activating the IGF-1 axis. In comparative assays, AOD 9604 does not bind to the primary growth hormone receptor region required to induce hepatic IGF-1 release, permitting isolated study of lipid breakdown mechanisms.
Comparative Catalog Overview: Analytical Research Peptides
| Compound | Primary Research Pathway |
| AOD 9604 | Lipolytic signaling models |
| Tesamorelin | GHRH receptor-binding models |
| Tirzepatide | GIP/GLP-1 receptor signaling models |
| Retatrutide | Triple-receptor (GIP/GLP-1/glucagon) models |
| Cagrilintide | Amylin receptor models |
Analytical Verification & Quality Assurance
- High-Purity Standards (≥99%): Every batch of Hotspan AOD 9604 undergoes third-party verification via High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). Batch HL 8934777 confirms ≥99% purity. •
- Full Batch Documentation: Every order includes a downloadable Certificate of Analysis (COA) detailing chromatogram peak purity and an LAL Endotoxin Report (<5 EU/vial).
- Laboratory Shipping: Orders ship directly to research facilities with standard tracking and temperature-stable packaging.
What did human studies find?
AOD 9604 was well tolerated in early human safety testing, but a later large obesity trial failed to show significant weight loss versus placebo, and drug development was discontinued. It remains a laboratory research compound, not an approved treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. What biological mechanisms are studied using AOD 9604?
AOD 9604 is utilized in laboratory models to investigate lipolytic activation, beta-3 adrenergic receptor signaling, pre adipocyte differentiation, and fatty acid release mechanisms without inducing systemic anabolic effects.
Q2. How does AOD 9604 structurally differ from full-length hGH?
AOD 9604 contains only the C-terminal 16-amino-acid fragment (residues 176–191) of human growth hormone. It lacks the N-terminal functional domains responsible for classical growth hormone receptor dimerization and hepatic IGF-1 secretion.
Q3. Does AOD 9604 alter IGF-1 expression in cell culture models?
In vitro assays demonstrate that AOD 9604 operates independently of IGF-1 pathways, allowing investigators to study lipid metabolism pathways without confounding anabolic hormone feedback.
Q4. What documentation accompanies Hotspan analytical compounds?
Every shipment includes a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) confirming identity and ≥99% HPLC purity, alongside an LAL Endotoxin Assay report confirming <5 EU/vial.
Q5. Is AOD 9604 approved for human therapeutic use?
No. AOD 9604 supplied by Hotspan is strictly designated for Research Use Only (RUO). It is not intended for human or animal consumption, therapeutic administration, or clinical application.
Regulatory Compliance & Research Use Notice: AOD 9604 supplied by Hotspan is intended strictly for in vitro laboratory experimentation, analytical testing, and scientific research. Not for human or veterinary diagnostic, therapeutic, or clinical application. For handling by qualified laboratory personnel only.